Home Sweet Accessible Home: Finding and Modifying Mobility-Friendly Housing
Locating or adapting a home to suit unique mobility needs can be a complex challenge.
For people with mobility challenges, finding or modifying a home to meet specific needs is not always straightforward. While Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) primarily addresses public spaces, it also offers useful insights for those seeking accessible housing. Additionally, the Fair Housing Act (FHA) and local regulations provide legal protections and guidelines for renters and homeowners alike. Let’s look at how to approach accessible housing, whether you are searching for a new home, modifying a rental, or adapting a home you own.
Finding a New Home: Renting or Buying with Accessibility in Mind
Ensuring potential housing meets your accessibility needs extends beyond browsing the interior; you also need to include its exterior and surrounding neighborhood. When searching for a new accessible home, consider the following factors:
Interior Features
Doorways and Hallways: Look for doorways at least 32 inches wide and hallways that allow for easy movement of mobility aids such as wheelchairs, walkers, and rollators.
Single-Level Living: A single-story home or one with an elevator or stair lift is ideal for those with mobility concerns.
Bathrooms and Kitchens: Look for roll-in showers, accessible sinks, reachable cabinets, and appliances designed for ease of use. Consider whether toilets are ADA-compliant and grab bars are able to be installed for safety.
Flooring: Firm, level surfaces like hardwood or tile are preferable, as carpets can be difficult to maneuver across with mobility aids.
Lighting and Visibility: Adequate lighting and reachable switches and outlets are especially useful for those with mobility impairments.
Counter Heights and Cabinets: Adjustable countertops, pull-out shelves, and side-opening ovens improve kitchen usability for wheelchair users.
Exterior Features
Driveway and Parking: Make sure there’s accessible parking close to the entrance with a smooth, level driveway and good nighttime lighting.
Entryways and Pathways: Opt for homes with step-free entry or the ability to add an ADA-compliant ramp.
Outdoor Space and Landscaping: Level walkways and raised garden beds add options for accessible outdoor activities.
Garage: If a garage is included, ensure it has an automatic door opener and enough clearance for accessible vehicle entry and exit.
The Neighborhood
Public Transport: Check for nearby accessible bus stops, train stations, and ride-sharing options.
Sidewalks and Curb Cuts: Ensure the area has well-maintained sidewalks with appropriate curb cuts for wheelchair accessibility.
Proximity to Essential Services: Prioritize homes near grocery stores, pharmacies, and medical facilities with accessible entrances.
Community and Social Integration: Choose an inclusive community where businesses and public spaces comply with ADA standards.
Emergency Preparedness: Consider the area’s emergency response capabilities, including evacuation plans for people with mobility impairments.
For help finding suitable housing, the Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) program’s Directory of Centers for Independent Living can connect you to local centers that assist with locating accessible housing and other resources. Additionally, the National Disability Rights Network (NDRN) provides advocacy and legal support for people facing housing discrimination based on disability, and the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Fair Housing Accessibility FIRST program offers guidance on ensuring housing meets accessibility standards under the Fair Housing Act.
Modifying a Rental for Accessibility
Accessibility modifications can be especially difficult for renters, as changes must align with lease agreements. However, legal protections under the FHA allow tenants to request reasonable accommodations. If you rent a home and need to make it more accessible, keep these considerations in mind:
Know Your Rights: Multi-family buildings with four or more units must include certain accessibility features if built after 1991.
Request Reasonable Modifications: Renters may install grab bars, widen doorways, or add ramps at their own expense. Portable wheelchair ramps can be a cost-effective option.
Ensure Common Area Accessibility: Apartment complexes must have accessible hallways, laundry rooms, parking, and recreational spaces per the FHA. The ADA requires accessible leasing offices and other amenities open to the general public.
Negotiate with Landlords: When discussing modifications, providing documentation from a medical professional can strengthen a request for accommodations.
Temporary vs. Permanent Modifications: If a lease prohibits permanent changes, explore temporary solutions like portable grab bars or lightweight threshold ramps.
Understand Lease Agreements: Before signing a lease, review policies regarding modifications and confirm the landlord’s willingness to accommodate reasonable changes.
Renters seeking modifications for accessible housing can turn to several helpful resources. The National Fair Housing Alliance advocates for equal housing opportunities and can assist with issues related to discrimination or modification requests, and HUD provides essential information on tenants' rights to help you request reasonable accommodations or modifications under the Fair Housing Act.
Modifying a Home You Own
Homeowners have greater flexibility in extensive modifications that enhance long-term accessibility and comfort, including making aesthetic adjustments that meet both your accessibility needs and your personal preferences. Just be sure the modifications comply with local building codes. If you are considering a modification to a home you plan to sell in the future, it might be wise to consider whether the changes will be appealing or necessary to prospective buyers as well. Popular universal design principles include:
Lever-style door handles instead of knobs for easier operation
Step-free entrances to reduce tripping hazards
Wider hallways and doorways to allow mobility aid access
Adjustable countertops and roll-under sinks for kitchen accessibility
Wheelchair-accessible bathrooms, including ADA-compliant toilets, roll-in showers, wheelchair-friendly sinks, and grab bars
Non-slip flooring to reduce fall risks; avoid rugs and high-pile carpeting
Stair lifts or elevators for ensuring full access to all levels
Kitchens modifications to adjust counter heights, install pull-out shelves, and ensure reachable appliances
Smart home technology such as voice-activated lights, thermostats, and security systems
Accessible storage like lowered closet rods, pull-down shelving, and automated cabinet openers
Homeowners seeking to improve accessibility may qualify for grants or low-interest loans through various programs. HUD offers home repair and improvement loans, while veterans may benefit from VA Specially Adapted Housing grants. The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) provides resources through its Certified Aging-in-Place Specialist (CAPS) program, and AARP’s HomeFit Guide offers to-do lists and worksheets centered on the lifelong home. For remodeling ideas specific to kitchens and bathrooms, check out The Hartford’s Home for a Lifetime guide. Additionally, many states offer accessibility modification grants, and some nonprofit organizations provide free or subsidized improvements. Consult professionals such as accessibility specialists, architects, or contractors experienced in ADA-compliant modifications for the best results.
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Whether you rent, buy, or modify a home, accessibility is fundamental for a safe and comfortable living environment when mobility issues arise. Knowing your rights, identifying essential features, and utilizing available resources can help you create a home that supports your mobility needs. Planning for future mobility concerns can also help prevent costly renovations down the road.
For more information on housing rights and accessibility, visit ADA.gov or explore resources from the National Fair Housing Alliance.
If you have experiences or tips on accessible housing, share them in the comments below to help others on their journey toward independent living.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What laws protect people seeking accessible housing?
The Fair Housing Act (FHA) prohibits housing discrimination based on disability and requires reasonable accommodations for renters. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) primarily covers public spaces but provides insights for accessibility. State and local regulations may offer additional protections.
What should I consider when looking for an accessible home?
Look for wide doorways, step-free entrances, roll-in showers, reachable cabinets, and accessible parking. Consider neighborhood factors such as curb cuts, public transportation, and proximity to essential services.
Can renters modify their housing for accessibility?
Yes. Under the FHA, renters can request reasonable modifications at their expense, such as installing grab bars or ramps. Portable options may be a viable alternative if permanent modifications are not allowed.
What financial assistance is available for accessibility modifications?
Homeowners may qualify for HUD home improvement loans, VA housing grants, state-funded accessibility programs, and nonprofit assistance. Certified Aging-in-Place Specialists (CAPS) can provide guidance on modifications.
Where can I find help with accessible housing?
Resources include the Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) directory, the National Disability Rights Network (NDRN), HUD’s Fair Housing Accessibility FIRST program, and the National Fair Housing Alliance.